Residual disease after operative hysteroscopy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer associated with polyps / Doença residual após histeroscopia cirúrgica em pacientes com câncer de endométrio endometrioide associado a pólipo endometrial

Abstract Objective To evaluate the presence of residual disease in the uterine specimen after hysteroscopic polypectomy or polyp biopsy in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC). Methods We analyzed a series of 104 patients (92 cases from the Hospital AC Camargo and 12 from the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) with polyps that were diagnosed by hysteroscopy, showing endometrioid EC associated with the polyp or in the final pathological specimen. Patients underwent a surgical approach for endometrial cancer from January 2002 to January 2017. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively retrieved from the medical records. Results In78cases (75%), thepolyphad EC, and in 40(38.5%), itwas restricted tothe polyp, without endometrial involvement. The pathologic stage was IA in 96 cases (92.3%) and 90 (86.5%) had histologic grade 1 or 2. In 18 cases (17.3%), there was no residual disease in the final uterine specimen, but only in 9 of them the hysteroscopy suggested that the tumor was restricted to the polyp. In 5 cases (4.8%) from the group without outside of the polyp during hysteroscopy, myometrial invasion was noted in the final uterine specimen. This finding suggests the possibility of disease extrapolation through the base of the polyp. Conclusion Patients with endometrioid EC associated with polyps may have the tumor completely removed during hysteroscopy, but the variables shown in the present study could not safely predict which patient would have no residual disease.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a presença de doença residual no exame anatomopatológico definitivo de pacientes com câncer de endométrio endometrioide após polipectomia ou biópsia de pólipo histeroscópica. Métodos Analisamos 104 pacientes (92 casos do Hospital AC Camargo e 12 casos do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo) com pólipos diagnosticados durante histeroscopia e cuja biópsia histeroscópica ou exame patológico final do útero acusaram câncer de endométrio endometrioide. As pacientes foram submetidas a cirurgia para câncer de endométrio de janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2017. Os dados clínicos e anatomopatológicos de cada paciente foram retirados dos prontuários médicos Resultados Em 78 casos (75%), o pólipo continha a neoplasia, e em 40 (38.5%), ela estava restrita ao tecido do pólipo, sem envolvimento endometrial adjacente. O estadio final foi IA em 96 casos (92.3%) e em 90 (86.5%) tratava-se de grau 1 ou 2. Em 18 casos (17.3%), não havia doença residual no espécime uterino, mas emapenas 9 deles a histeroscopia sugeriu doença restrita ao pólipo. Em 5 casos (4.8%), não havia doença aparente extrapólipo na histeroscopia, mas havia invasão miometrial, sugerindo extravasamento do tumor pela base do pólipo. Conclusão Pacientes com câncer de endométrio associado a pólipos podem ter o tumor completamente removido durante a histeroscopia, mas, com as variáveis avaliadas, é difícil predizer com segurança qual paciente ficará sem tumor residual.

Resolução cirúrgica de pólipo inflamatório em ouvido médio de felino através da técnica de avulsão e tração por abordagem lateral: relato de caso / Surgical resolution of feline middle ear inflammatory polyp by lateral approach traction and avulsion technique: case report

O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever um caso de pólipo inflamatório em ouvido médio de um felino e sua resolução cirúrgica através da avulsão e tração da massa após abordagem lateral. Um felino, fêmea, de 2 anos de idade, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário Professor Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, apresentando prurido intenso, dor e secreção fétida em região auricular. Pelo exame físico foi possível observar um nódulo em região de ouvido médio esquerdo. Associado a isso, o animal apresentava “headtilt” (inclinação da cabeça para o lado afetado). Foram solicitados exames hematológicos, radiografia de crânio e citologia da massa. O animal foi encaminhado para cirurgia de extirpação da massa. Foi feita uma incisão na pele sob o canal auditivo vertical palpável. A cartilagem foi liberada até o nível da junção entre as cartilagens auricular e anular. Com o auxílio de um fórceps, o pólipo foi agarrado e delicadamente girado até ser completamente extirpado de sua origem. A cartilagem e o subcutâneo foram fechados com material de sutura monofilamentar 4-0 e a pele foi fechada em um padrão de sutura subdérmica usando o mesmo material. A peça foi encaminhada para exame histopatológico, pelo qual confirmou-se a suspeita de pólipo inflamatório, através da observação de epitélio colunar ciliado. Utilizando a técnica cirúrgica TALA (avulsão e tração após abordagem lateral) foi possível obter melhora do quadro clínico do animal referido, rápida recuperação pós-cirúrgica e sem nenhuma complicação decorrente da técnica. Essa técnica, portanto, se mostrou satisfatória, melhorando significativamente a qualidade de vida do animal.

The aim of this study was to describe a case of inflammatory polyp in the middle ear of a cat and its surgical resolution through avulsion and mass traction after lateral approach. A female feline, two year old, was admitted at the Hospital Veterinário Professor Sylvio Barbosa Cardoso, presenting intense itching, pain and fetid discharge in the ear region. Physical examination revealed a nodule in the left middle ear region. Associated with this, the animal presented head tilt (inclination of the head to the affected side). Hematological examinations, skull radiography and mass cytology were requested. The animal was referred for polyp removal surgery. A skin incision was made under the palpable vertical ear canal. The cartilage was released to the level of the junction between the auricular and annular cartilages. With the help of a forceps, the polyp was grasped and gently rotated until completely removed from its origin. The cartilage and subcutaneous tissue were closed with 4-0 monofilament suture material and the skin was closed in a subdermal suture pattern using the same material. The piece was referred for histopathological examination, which confirmed the suspicion of inflammatory polyp by observing ciliated columnar epithelium. Using the TALA surgical technique (avulsion and traction after lateral approach) it was possible to obtain improvement of the clinical 3 picture of the referred animal, rapid postoperative recovery and without any complications resulting from the technique. This technique therefore proves satisfying, significantly improving the quality of life of the animal

Prevalence and intensity of pain during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women attending an infertility clinic: analysis of 489 cases / Prevalência e intensidade da dor na histeroscopia diagnóstica em mulheres atendidas em uma clínica de infertilidade: análise de 489 casos

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain perception during diagnostic hysteroscopy in women and potential related factors. Methods A total of 489 women were investigated at an infertility clinic. Fluid diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed without analgesia or anesthesia by gynecologists with different levels of experience in operative hysteroscopy, using a 2.9mm rigid scope. The Visual Analog Scale was used to score pain intensity after vaginal speculum insertion and after hysteroscopy. Data collected included age, ethnicity, body mass index, history of infertility and endometrial surgery (curettage and/or hysteroscopy), smoking habits, and hysteroscopy diagnosis. Only the state of anxiety was assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory given to each patient before the procedure. Results Hysteroscopy median (25th to 75th) Visual Analog Scale scored 3.3 (3 to 5), and 41.7% of the women referred Visual Analog Scale score ≥4. Median (25th to 75th) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score was 42 (38 to 45), and 58.3% of the women referred State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score >40. Hysteroscopy Visual Analog Scale score was significantly correlated to surgeon experience and to vaginal speculum insertion but not to State-Trait Anxiety Inventory score, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings. Conclusion Diagnostic hysteroscopy was mostly perceived as a mild discomfort procedure by most women. Nevertheless, in a considerable number of cases, women perceived hysteroscopy as painful. Pain perception was linked to individual pain threshold and surgeon experience, but not to pre-procedural anxiety state levels, ethnicity or abnormal hysteroscopic findings.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência e a intensidade da percepção da dor durante a histeroscopia diagnóstica, bem como os possíveis fatores relacionados. Métodos Foram incluídas 489 mulheres submetidas à propedêutica de infertilidade. A histeroscopia diagnóstica foi realizada sem analgesia ou anestesia, por ginecologistas com níveis de experiência diferentes em histeroscopia, usando histeroscópio rígido de 2,9mm. A Escala Visual Analógica foi utilizada para avaliar a intensidade da dor após a inserção do espéculo vaginal e após a histeroscopia. Os dados coletados incluíram idade, etnia, índice de massa corporal, história de infertilidade e cirurgia endometrial (curetagem e/ou histeroscopia), tabagismo e histeroscopia diagnóstica. Avaliou-se apenas o estado de ansiedade pelo Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado de cada paciente antes do procedimento. Resultados A mediana (25ºa 75º) de histeroscopia pela Escala Visual Analógica foi 3,3 (3 a 5), e 41,7% das mulheres obtiveram pontuação ≥4. A mediana (25ºa 75º) do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado foi 42 (38 a 45), e 58,3% das mulheres referiram pontuação >40. A pontuação da Escala Visual Analógica da histeroscopia apresentou correlação estatisticamente significante com a experiência do cirurgião e a inserção do espéculo vaginal, mas não a pontuação do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, etnia ou achados histeroscópicos anormais. Conclusão A histeroscopia diagnóstica foi percebida pela maioria das mulheres como desconforto leve, mas um número considerável de pacientes classificou o procedimento como doloroso. A percepção da dor esteve ligada ao limiar individual e à experiência do cirurgião, mas não aos níveis de ansiedade pré-procedimento, à etnia e nem aos achados histeroscópicos anormais.

Oral hairy polyp in a teenager: case report and literature review / Pólipo piloso oral em um adolescente: relato de caso e revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT Objective: To report an unusual case of oral hairy polyp (HP) and review the literature, providing epidemiological, clinical and histopathological information on this disease. Case description: A 12-year-old male patient was referred to a Stomatology department with a nodule in the posterior midline of the tongue. The patient did not know exactly when it arose or whether it had grown since then. Clinical exam revealed a bulky and mobile pedunculated mass lesion on the dorsum of the tongue, with a diameter of approximately 1 cm. The patient's mother reported no previous health problem. An excisional biopsy was performed, the surgical specimen was sent for anatomopathological analysis, and the findings were compatible with the diagnosis of HP. Comments: Hairy polyp is a rare lesion, especially in the oral region. The literature search revealed only 10 case reports of oral HP published between January 1999 and January 2019, and they revealed a predominance of the disease in female newborns. Two uncommon facts were presented in this case: the patient was male and diagnosis was made at 12 years old.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso incomum de pólipo piloso (PP) oral e revisar a literatura para trazer informações epidemiológicas, clínicas e histopatológicas acerca da doença. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos de idade, encaminhado ao Departamento de Estomatologia com nódulo na região posterior de linha média da língua. O paciente não soube relatar quando surgiu a lesão e se ela havia crescido desde então. O exame clínico revelou massa pedunculada, volumosa e móvel no dorso da língua, medindo aproximadamente 1,0 cm de diâmetro. A mãe do paciente relatou que ele nunca havia tido nenhum problema de saúde anterior. Foi realizada biópsia excisional e o material foi enviado para análise anatomopatológica, sendo os achados compatíveis com o diagnóstico de PP. Comentários: O pólipo piloso é uma lesão rara, especialmente na região oral. A pesquisa bibliográfica revelou apenas dez relatos de casos de PP oral, publicados entre janeiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2019, sendo observada predominância da doença em recém-nascidos do sexo feminino. Dois fatos incomuns ocorreram neste caso: tratava-se de um paciente do sexo masculino e o diagnóstico se deu aos 12 anos de idade.

Cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal en pediatría: experiencia Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile / Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery: experience in Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal (CENS) es una técnica ampliamente usada actualmente en otorrinolaringología. Se deben considerar las diferencias en la población pediátrica en comparación a los adultos. Objetivo: Describir y analizar las características clínicas, epidemiológicas, y resultados del tratamiento con CENS en pediatría. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, incluyendo los pacientes pediátricos con patología otorrinolaringológica que haya requerido CENS entre los años 2012 y 2017. Se analizaron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, complicaciones quirúrgicas y recurrencia. Resultados: La serie está constituida por 19 pacientes, con una edad promedio de intervención de 10 años; 9 hombres y 10 mujeres. El diagnóstico fue en su mayoría pólipo antrocoanal (PAC) (52%), seguida de rinosinusitis crónica (27%). En el periodo de seguimiento, se observó recurrencia en 4 pacientes, los cuales tenían diagnóstico de PAC y atresia de coanas, en un periodo promedio de seguimiento de 36 meses. No hubo complicaciones quirúrgicas. Conclusión: El estudio de los pacientes pediátricos, mediante anamnesis, examen físico e imágenes, es fundamental para definir la indicación de CENS en pediatría. En aquellos casos adecuadamente seleccionados, la CENS es un procedimiento seguro y efectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a technique widely used in otorhinolaryngology. The differences in pediatric population should be considered, compared to adults. Aim: To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics, epidemiology and surgical results of ESS in pediatric population. Material and method: Retrospective and descriptive study of all pediatric patients who underwent ESS for the treatment of any otorhinolaryngological pathology, between 2012 and 2017. Variables analyzed include demographics, signs and symptoms, surgical complications and recurrence rate. Results: The series includes 19 patients, with a mean age of 10 years at the moment of surgery; 10 men and 9 women. Antrochoanal polyp (AP) was the main diagnosis, followed by chronic rhinosinusitis. On follow-up, 4 patients presented with a recurrence at a mean period of 36 months. No surgical complications were observed. Conclusion: The study of pediatric patients includes anamnesis, physical examination and images in order to define the indication of SES. In those cases, properly selected, CENS results a safe and effective procedure.

Pólipo y/o granuloma aural en niños. Estudio prospectivo en 75 casos / Aural polyp and/or granuloma in children. A prospective study of 75 cases

En otorrinolaringología (ORL) infantil es habitual el hallazgo de pólipos y granulomas de oído en niños que consultan especialmente por otorrea de evolución prolongada. El pólipo y/o granuloma aural es una masa de carácter inflamatorio, que ocupa parte de la luz del conducto auditivo externo, generalmente pediculado, de aspecto congestivo, a veces friable y fácilmente sangrante, cuyo origen generalmente es a nivel de la mucosa del oído medio. Con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas, otológicas, bacteriológicas e histopatológicas de los pólipos y granulomas de oído diagnosticados en un servicio de ORL pediátrico se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, observacional y longitudinal. Se estudió a la población pediátrica con diagnóstico de pólipo y/o granuloma aural en su primera consulta en el servicio de ORL del Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan". Se incluyeron 75 pacientes en el estudio, evaluados consecutivamente desde el 02 de diciembre 2013 y hasta 30 enero del 2015, con una edad media: 93 meses (rango 2­180). Se realizó otomicroscopía y, en los casos de granulomas y pólipos accesibles, se realizó toma de muestra para estudio bacteriológico e histopatológico y evaluaciones audiológicas y radiológicas con tomografía computarizada (TC) en los casos necesarios. Se indicó el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico adecuado a cada patología. El motivo de consulta principal fue la otorrea como único síntoma en el 81,33% de los casos y, en menor porcentaje, asociada a otros síntomas. Tiempo medio de evolución de los síntomas: 13,5 meses (rango 1-96). No se pudo extraer material en el 20% de los pacientes. Se tomaron muestras para estudio de 60/75 granulomas óticos accesibles. El informe anatomo-patológico fue: granuloma o pólipo inflamatorio en el 50%, tejido epidermoide compatible con colesteatoma en el 41,7%, tuberculosis (TBC) en 3,3%, granuloma por cuerpo extraño en 1,7%, histiocitosis de células de Langerhans (HCL) en 3,3% muestras de pólipos. Se realizó estudio bacteriológico en 57/75 casos. Se desarrollaron gérmenes en 52/57 cultivos. El 32,7% (17/52) fueron cultivos polimicrobianos. Dos casos desarrollaron Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Se observó velamiento de caja, ático o mastoides con erosión ósea en el 46,2% (24/52) de los casos evaluados con TC. Diagnóstico final: colesteatoma 39 pacientes, OMA con pólipo de Scheibe o complicada con mastoiditis 16, OMC simple granulomatosa 13, TBC 2, HCL 2, otitis externa y celulitis en conducto auditivo externo 2 y granuloma a cuerpo extraño 1. Conclusiones: es importante obtener el diagnóstico histológico y microbiológico de los pólipos aurales en niños precozmente para excluir neoplasia u otras enfermedades granulomatosas específicas y evitar cirugías que pueden provocar secuelas al no estar indicadas en el tratamiento adecuado de ciertos tumores e infecciones (AU)

In pediatric otolaryngology (ENT) ear polyps and granulomas are a common finding in children who consult especially for prolonged otorrhea. The aural polyp and/or granuloma is an inflammatory mass occupying part of the lumen of the external auditory canal. It is usually pedunculated, congestive, sometimes friable, and may bleed easily. Its origin is usually at the level of the mucosa of the middle ear. With the aim to describe the clinical, otological, bacteriological, and histopathological features of ear polyps and granulomas diagnosed in a Department of pediatric ENT, a longitudinal, prospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted. Pediatric patients diagnosed with an aural polyp and/or granuloma at the first visit at the Department of ENT of Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan" were studied. Seventy-five patients were included in the study, evaluated consecutively from December 2, 2013 to January 30, 2015; Mean age was 93 months (range 2 ­ 180). Otomicroscopy was performed and, in cases of accessible granulomas and polyps, a sample was taken for bacteriological and histopathological study. Audiological and radiological evaluations with computed tomography (CT scan) were performed when necessary. Appropriate medical or surgical treatment was indicated accordingly. The main reason for the consultation was otorrhea as the only symptom in 81.33% of cases and, in a lesser percentage, associated with other symptoms. Mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis: 13.5 months (range 1-96). No sample could be harvested in 20% of patients. Samples were taken for study of 60/75 accessible ear granulomas. Pathology report was: Inflammatory granuloma or polyp in 50%, epidermoid tissue compatible with cholesteatoma in 41.7%, tuberculosis (TBC) in 3.3%, granuloma due to a foreign body in 1.7%, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LHC) in 3.3% of the samples of polyps. Bacterial cultures, performed in 57/75 cases, were positive in 52/57. Polymicrobial microorganisms were found in 32.7% (17/52). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in two cases. Opacification of the antrum, attic, and mastoid cavities with bone erosion was observed in 46.2% (24/52) of the cases evaluated with CT. Final diagnosis: Cholesteatoma in 39 patients, OMA with a Scheibe polyp or complicated with mastoiditis in 16, simple granulomatous OMC in 13, TBC in 2, LHC in 2, external otitis and cellulitis in the external ear canal in 2, and granuloma due to a foreign body in 1. Conclusions: Histological and microbiological diagnosis of aural polyps in children should be obtained early to rule out neoplasia other granulomatous diseases to avoid surgery that may cause sequelae and is not the adequate management of certain tumors and infections (AU)

Revisión de la poliposis gástrica: a propósito de un caso operado por laparoscopia, con protocolo fast track / Review of gastric polyposis: about a case operated by laparoscopy, with fast track protocol

Resumen Introducción: Los pólipos gástricos suelen ser hallazgos en la endoscopia digestiva alta. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de los pólipos gástricos más frecuentes y presentar un caso de manejo de estos con gastrectomía total laparoscópica según el protocolo fast track. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente hombre de 46 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos con poliposis difusa del estómago sintomática, en el que se realiza una gastrectomía total laparoscópica siguiendo el protocolo fast track, siendo dado de alta al cuarto día posoperatorio. Discusión: Los pólipos gástricos más frecuentes son los hiperplásicos, de glándula fúndica, adenomas e inflamatorios. Es fundamental obtener biopsias de estos ya que su histología comandará su manejo y pronóstico. En algunos casos, la gastrectomía total es la indicación debido a su riesgo de malignidad o sintomatología. El protocolo fast track ha demostrado ser una modalidad de manejo posoperatorio que disminuye el tiempo de estadía hospitalaria y presenta una recuperación precoz en comparación con la práctica habitual, sin comprometer la seguridad del paciente.

Introduction: Gastric polyps are commonly found incidentally on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Objective: Review the most common gastric polyps and present a case of symptomatic polyps managed with laparoscopic total gastrectomy following the fast track protocol. Clinical case: Patient with symptomatic diffuse gastric polyps who had a total laparoscopic gastrectomy following the fast track protocol, who is discharged at home at fourth day post-surgery. Discussion: The most common are hyperplastic polyps, fundic gland polyps, adenomas and inflammatory fibroid polyps. Is very important to obtain biopsies to assess the histology and malignant potential. In certain cases a total gastrectomy is recommended. The fast track rehabilitation protocol is a safe method to decrease hospital stay and improve recovery.

Pólipo bilateral de cuerda vocal: presentación de un caso clínico / Bilateral vocal cord polyp: case report

Los pólipos de cuerda vocal son lesiones laríngeas benignas. Se asocian a micro-traumatismos por mal uso vocal que generan remodelación de la lámina propia y el epitelio. Es más frecuente en hombres entre los veinte y cuarenta años. En la gran mayoría de los casos se presenta de manera unilateral. Si bien estas lesiones están bien documentadas en la literatura, es raro encontrar presentaciones bilaterales, por lo que su enfrentamiento y manejo puede ser discutible. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 41 años, fumadora, que consulta por disfonía de larga data. Se diagnostican pólipos bilaterales de cuerda vocal, realizando una intervención quirúrgica en un tiempo, con un resultado favorable.

Vocal cord polyps are benign Iaryngeal lesions. They are associated to micro traumatisms because ofvocal misuse, generating a remodelation of the lamina propria and the epithelium. It is more common in men between twenty and forty years of age. In the vast majority of cases it unilaterally occurs. While these are well documented injuries in the literature, it is rare to find bilateral presentations, so their confrontation and management may be debatable. We present the case of a female patient, smoker, who consulted for chronic dysphonia. Bilateral vocal cord polyps were diagnosed, performing a bilateral resection with a positive outcome.

New-style laparoscope and endoscope cooperative gallbladder-preserving surgery for polyps

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a new style of Laparoscope and Endoscope Cooperative gallbladderpreserving Surgery [LECS], an improved method of minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving polypectomy

Study Design: An experimental study

Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China, from January 2009 to July 2013

Methodology: Clinical data of patients subjected to LECS and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy [LC] was analysed. The inclusion criteria were normal size clear gallbladder bile with total volume [FV] of the gallbladder = 15 - 25 ml, the Residual Volume [RV] = 5 ml, and the Emptying Figure [EF] > 75%, with polyps diagnosed definitively by B-type ultrasonic imaging or CT desirous of preserving gallbladder. Exclusion criteria were a history of midsection surgery, serious diseases of any organ, hepatic injury, or coagulation disturbance. Mean hospital stay and complications were also noted. Independent sample t-test, the frequency comparison used chi-square test [N > 5], and Fisher's exact test [N < 5] were used for statistical test

Results: The mean hospital stay after LECS was 3.50 +/- 0.31 days, and 3.50 +/- 0.31 days for the LC group. The mean age in LC and LECS group was 50 +/- 25.4 and 44 +/- 12.1 years, respectively. Complications after operation in the LECS were indigestion and diarrhea; LC group had indigestion [9.33%], diarrhea [10.67%], and gastroesophageal reflux [6.6.7%]. In the 3 months follow-up after discharging from the hospital, no patient had recurrence of any gallbladder disease; at 1 year follow-up, 1 patient [1.28%] developed cholesterol crystals; at 3-year follow-up, 3 cases [3.84%] were found to have recurring polyps [2 tilde 4 pieces], and 2 [2.56%] patients developed cholesterol crystals

Conclusion: Minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving polypectomy which used a CHIAO cholecystoscopy compared with a laparoscope is safe, feasible, and can effectively reduce the vestiges and recrudescence of polyps in gallbladder preserving surgery

Polipectomía colonoscópica monitorizada por laparoscopia (PCML) / Colonoscopic polypectomy monitored by laparoscopy

En pacientes con adenomas del colon, la polipectomía con asa puede ser técnicamente imposible debido a factores como la angulación del colon, imposibilidad de ver la base del pólipo, pólipos ocultos detrás de un pliegue de mucosa, o debido a cirugías previas. Para estos pacientes, la resección segmentaria del colon, abierta o laparoscópica es considerado el tratamiento óptimo. Objetivo: La combinación quirúrgica de endoscopia flexible y laparoscopia, usando CO2 en ambas, ha significado una nueva forma de manejo para estos pólipos difíciles, con la finalidad de evitar la resección colónica. Método: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en base a información colectada prospectivamente en la base de datos del Texas Endosurgery Institute. (n=320, mayo de 1990a mayo 2013). Describimos los antecedentes que nos permitieron implementar el procedimiento, de igual manera detallamos como realizamos la técnica y finalmente compartimos nuestros resulta-dos. Resultados:Se analiza la información relacionada con las 320 PCML realizadas en 198 pacientes. Conclusión: La PCML permite la exéresis de pólipos evitando la resección colónica, este procedimiento menos invasivo se traduce en tiempo de recuperación similar al de la colonoscopia sola, y se evitan las complicaciones relacionadas con la resección segmentaria del intestino grueso. Todos los pólipos son estudiados con biopsia intraoperatoria y de encontrarse hallazgos de malignidad la resección segmentaria laparoscópica es realizada(AU)

In patients with adenomas of the colon, loop polypectomy may be technically impossible due to factors as the angulation of the colon, inability to see the base of the polyp, polyps hidden behind a fold of mucosa, or due to previous surgeries. For these patients,segmental resection of the colon, open or laparoscopic is considered the optimal treatment. Objective:The surgical combination of flexible endoscopy and laparoscopy, using CO2 in both, has meant a new way of handling these difficult polyps in order to prevent colonic resections. Methods: A retrospective study carried out on the basis of information collected prospectively in the Texas Endosurgery Institute database. (n = 320, May 1990 to May 2013). We describe the background that allowed us to implement the procedure, just as detailed as we carry out the technique and finally share our results. Results: We analyzed a total of 320 CPML related information in 198 patients. Conclusion:The CPML allows excision of polyps preventing colonic resection, this procedure less invasive means similar to the single colonoscopy recovery time, and avoided the complications associated with segmental resection of the intestine. All polyps are studied with intraoperative biopsy and found malignant findings segmental resection, laparoscopic is performed(AU)

Fibro-epithelial Polyp - Report of Two Cases with Literature Review.

Irritation fibroma or traumatic fibroma is a common sub-mucosal response to trauma from teeth or dental prosthesis presenting as a painless, sessile or occasionally pedunculated swelling that can be firm and resilient or soft and spongy in consistency. It rarely occurs before the fourth decade and shows no preference for either sex. Its occurrence corresponds with intraoral areas that are prone to trauma such as the tongue, buccal mucosa and labial mucosa. As the lesion occurs due to continuous trauma and irritation, it important to remove the source of the irritation and then treat it by conservative surgical excision otherwise it will recur.

Evaluating success of curettage in the surgical treatment of endometrial polyps

To determine treatment efficacy of curettage on endometrial polyp. The quasi-experimental pre-and-post study was conducted in 2011-12 at the gynaecology department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, and comprised patients who underwent hysteroscopy for endometrial polyp. Location, size, number and base condition of the polyps were recorded before the patient underwent curettage. Hysteroscopy was then performed and the condition of the remaining polyps was compared with initial findings. Also, the remaining polyps were resected. SPSS 13 was used for statistical analysis. There were 51 patients in the study with a mean age of 33.14 +/- 8.19 years [range: 23-59 years]. Besides, there were 82 polyps; 38[46.3%] having a narrow base, and 44[53.7%] having a wide base. The mean polyp size was 2.39 +/- 2.63cm.After performing curettage, 23[28.0%] polyps were removed completely, 39[47.6%] had size reduction, and 20[24.4%] had no change in size. Curettage could not significantly remove polyps [p<0.001].Polyps smaller than 2cm were more likely to have been removed compared to the bigger ones [p=0.003].Polyps with wide base were more significantly removed than those with narrow base [p<0.001].Further, those with wide base and also smaller than 2cm were removed more significantly than others [p<0.001].The location of polyps had no effect on removal probability by curettage [p=0.114]. Curettage was not found to be a reliable method for endometrial polyp removal. If hysteroscopy is not accessible, the size of the polyp should be determined by vaginal sonograghy to estimate the probability of its removal by curettage

Premalignant and malignant lesions in endometrial polyps in patients undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy / Lesões precursoras e câncer em pólipos do endométrio de pacientes submetidas à polipectomia histeroscópica / Lesões precursoras e câncer em pólipos do endométrio de pacientes submetidas à polipectomia histeroscópica

Objective : To evaluate the incidence of premalignant lesions and cancer in endometrial polyps, in patients undergoing hysteroscopic polypectomy. Methods : The results of 1,020 pathological examinations of patients submitted to hysteroscopic polypectomy were analyzed, as well as their diagnostic and surgical hysteroscopy findings. As to their menstrual status, 295 (28.9%) patients were in menacme. Of the total, 193 (65.4%) presented abnormal uterine bleeding, and 102 (34.6%) were asymptomatic with altered endometrial echo on transvaginal ultrasound. Out of 725 (71.1%) postmenopausal patients, 171 (23.6%) were symptomatic (abnormal uterine bleeding), and 554 (76.4%) were asymptomatic with endometrial echo >5.0mm. Results : Twenty-one (2.0%) patients presented premalignant lesions in the polyps, 13 had simple glandular hyperplasia, of which 5 had no atypia, and eight presented atypia. Eight polyps presented focal area of complex hyperplasia: 4 with atypia and 4 without lesions. Cancer was diagnosed in 5 (0.5%) polyps. Of the 21 polyps that harbored premalignant lesions, 12 were interpreted as benign in diagnostic and surgical hysteroscopy. Of the polyps with cancer, 4 were also histeroscopically interpreted as normal. Conclusion : Symptomatic polyps in menacme and in all postmenopausal women should be resected and submitted to histopathological examination, since they may have a benign aspect, even when harboring areas of cellular atypia or cancer. .

Objetivo : Avaliar a incidência de lesões precursoras e câncer em pólipos do endométrio de pacientes submetidas à polipectomia histeroscópica. Métodos : Análise dos resultados de 1.020 exames anatomopatológicos de pacientes submetidas, em hospital público, à polipectomia histeroscópica, e achados em suas histeroscopias diagnóstica e cirúrgica. Em termos de estado menstrual, 295 (28,9%) pacientes encontravam-se na menacme. Do total, 193 (65,4%) apresentavam sangramento uterino anormal e 102 (34,6%) eram assintomáticas, com alteração da medida do eco endometrial à ultrassonografia transvaginal. Das 725 (71,1%) pacientes na pós-menopausa, 171 (23,6%) eram sintomáticas (sangramento uterino anormal) e 554 (76,4%) assintomáticas, com eco endometrial >5,0mm. Resultados : Vinte e uma (2,0%) pacientes apresentaram lesões precursoras nos pólipos, 13 com hiperplasia glandular simples, das quais 5 sem atipias e 8 com atipias. Oito pólipos apresentavam área focal de hiperplasia complexa, quatro com atipias e quatro sem lesões. Câncer foi diagnosticado em cinco (0,5%) pólipos. Dos 21 pólipos que abrigavam lesões precursoras, 12 foram interpretados como benignos nas histeroscopias diagnóstica e cirúrgica. Quatro dos pólipos com câncer também foram interpretados histeroscopicamente como normais. Conclusão : Os pólipos sintomáticos na menacme, bem como todos na pós-menopausa, devem ser ressecados para realização de exame anatomopatológico, por poderem apresentar aspecto benigno, mesmo quando abrigam áreas de atipia celular ou câncer. .

Tumores benignos de vulva: revisión y caso clínico de acrocordón / Benign tumors of vulva: review and case report of achrocordon

La región vulvovaginal es una zona muy compleja por todos los elementos que la conforma y puede ser origen de un gran número de tumores benignos y en menor frecuencia de tumores malignos. En las últimas décadas, los tumores vulvovaginales han tenido un avance significativo en cuanto a su diagnóstico y tratamiento, dado por las aportaciones de la biología celular y molecular. El presente artículo pretende ser una referencia práctica para el diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de estos tumores benignos así como en el tratamiento ambulatorio de algunos de ellos y su vigilancia.

The vulvovaginal region is a very complex area because of its anatomy and the fact that it can be source of a large number of benign tumors and less frequent malignant tumors. In recent decades, there have been significant gains in the diagnosis and treatment of vulvovaginal tumors, thanks to the contributions of cellular and molecular biology. The purpose of this review article is to serve as a practical reference for clinical and pathological diagnosis as well as in the outpatient treatment and monitoring of these benign tumors.

Pólipos endometriais e seu risco de malignização: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e imunoistoquímicos / Endometrial polyps and the risk of malignancy: epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects

Pólipos endometriais são neoformações resultantes de uma hiperplasia focal da camada basal do endométrio associada a um hiperestímulo hormonal. Sua etiologia ainda não está bem estabelecida, não havendo consenso sobre sua história natural, seu real significado como entidade patológica e sua relação com a neoplasia endometrial. Os pólipos endometriais são a principal indicação de histeroscopia cirúrgica, sem que haja, no entanto, um protocolo definido para seu melhor manejo. Uma visão abrangente sobre essa condição pode auxiliar na escolha da conduta mais adequada. (AU)

Endometrial polyps are neoformations that result from focal hyperplasia of the endometrial basal layer associated with hormonal hyperstimulation. Their pathogenesis is still unclear, and there is no consensus on their natural history, actual relevance as pathologic entities, and relationship with endometrial neoplasia. Endometrial polyps are the most frequent indication of surgical hysteroscopy, but their optimal management remains controversial. Therefore, an overview of this condition may help choosing the most adequate treatment strategies.(AU)